Primary Source
A document created during the time period you’re studying. These documents help us understand what people were experiencing and feeling as history happened. What were they thinking about? How did they do what they did? Primary sources can be diaries, letters, photographs, newspaper articles, interviews, etc.
Secondary Source
A secondary source is created after the time period you’re studying. Secondary sources look back on events and give us the big picture of what happened and what the results were.
Primary Sources Online
During the War
- “The Valley of Manassas was the Valley of Death” – Letter about the First Battle of Bull Run, July 1861
- “I leave immediately for the Battlefield” – Fairfax Station, August 31, 1862
- Angel of the Battlefield Letter – Antietam, September 17, 1862
- Letter to her cousin Vira, from Fredericksburg, December 12, 1862
- Recording the Identity of Soldiers in her Diary, 1863
- Notes on Antietam
- 1892 poem, “The Women Who Went to the Field”
The Missing Soldiers Office
- Clara Barton’s Letter to President Lincoln, asking to start the Missing Soldiers Office
- Lincoln’s Endorsement
- Letter giving Barton permission to search for soldiers in Camp Parole, February 24, 1865 (Page 31)
- Clara Barton’s petition to Congress asking for an appropriate to support the Missing Soldiers Office
- Congressional Reimbursement for her search for Missing Soldiers, March 10, 1866
- Report sent to Congress at the close of the Missing Soldiers Office
- Letters from people looking for their lost loved ones
- Mrs. G. Vale, Searching for her Son
- Mrs. J. B. Hurlbut, Searching for her Son | Transcription
- Eugenica Hitchins, Searching for her brother
- Mrs. P.H. Dutton, Searching for her Son
- B. Lambert, Searching for a Friend
- Mrs. George Rush, Searching for her Nephew, and Clara’s Reply
- Jane Hudson, Searching for Thomas E. Hudson
- Luther K. Barron, Searching for his Brother, in order to obtain his pension
- Mrs. R. L. Leach, Searching for her Son (Pages 1 and 2)
- J.E. Reed, Searching for John V. Clendenin after the wrong one was located
- Clara’s reply to a letter asking about a man that went missing at Wagner | Transcript
- Clara’s reply regarding Peter Dumont
- Rolls of Missing Men
- Form letters Barton used
- News Coverage
- Relics of Andersonville by Frances Dana Gage, Juniata sentinel, February 28, 1866
- Burlington Free Press, March 24, 1865
- The Soldiers’ Journal, June 21, 1865
- Daily Intelligencer, June 24, 1865
- Daily Evening Bulletin (Philadelphia), August 3, 1865
- Lancaster Intelligencer, March 14, 1866
- Daily Evening Bulletin (Philadelphia), June 1, 1866
- Agitator (Wellsboro, PA), June 20, 1866
- Minnesota Staats-Zeitung, January 19, 1867
Andersonville
- Clara Barton’s Testimony about Andersonville, 1866
- “A List of the Union Soldiers Buried at Andersonville,” Co-published with Dorence Atwater
After War and Reconstruction
Secondary Sources Online
- Video: Historian Elizabeth Brown Pryor nominates Clara Barton as 1865 Person of the Year
- Timeline of Clara Barton’s Life
- Digital Exhibit – Escaping Slavery, Building Diverse Communities: Stories of the Search for Freedom in the Capital Region since the Civil War
Don’t see what you’re looking for here? Be sure to explore the curated bibliography on the National Museum of Civil War Medicine’s website.